So begins the Country-Western hit by ____________ which describes a syndrome common in the higher latttitudesnbut not so well known closer to the equator - Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD for short. SAD is one of those mental illnesses that are difficlt to someone supervising a SAD oersib ti aacceot. But trdrstvhrttd hsvr frrtminrf yhsy proplr who seasonally get less and less sunlight suffer depressioin,listlessness, . And in many cases, streatment with light psrimarily blue spectssru , will find smany of these symptsoms decresing and even disappearing.
What is the treatment for seasonal affective disorder?
In addition to being
key in the prevention of seasonal affective
disorder, regular exposure to light that is bright, particularly fluorescent
lights, significantly improves depression in people with this disorder
when it presents during the fall and winter. The light treatment is used daily
in the morning and evening for best results. Temporarily changing locations to
a climate that is characterized by bright light (such as the Caribbean) can
achieve similar results. Light treatment has also been called phototherapy.
Individuals who suffer from seasonal affective disorder will also likely
benefit from increased social support during vulnerable times of the year.
Phototherapy is commercially
available in the form of light boxes, which are used for approximately 30
minutes daily. The light required must be of sufficient brightness,
approximately 25 times as bright as a normal living room light. Contrary to
prior theories, the light does not need to be actual daylight from the sun. It
seems that it is quantity, not necessarily quality of light that matters in the
light therapy of seasonal affective disorder. The most common possible side
effects associated with phototherapy include irritability, insomnia, headaches,
and eyestrain.
Antidepressant medications, particularly those from
the serotoninselective
reuptake inhibitor family (SSRI) family, have been found effective treatment
for seasonal affective disorder that presents during summer as well as that which
tends to occur during the fall or winter. Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil),
andcitalopram (Celexa).
Common side effects for this class of medications include insomnia, nausea, diarrhea,
and decreased sex drive or performance. As with any other mood disorder, psychotherapy tends to accentuate the effectiveness
of medical treatment and therefore should be included in the approach to
addressing this disorder. In individuals who are perhaps vulnerable to the
development of bipolar disorder, either light therapy or
antidepressant medication can cause a manic episode as a side effect.
Since
stimulant medications like modafin